Строительство. Справочные пособия

Добавки в бетон

Раздел: Быт. Хозяйство. Строительство. Техника

1.         Rixom, M. R., Chemical Admixtures for Concrete, London: E. & F. N. Spon LTD (1978).

2.         Collepardi, M., Concrete Science and Technology, Milan: Hoepli  (1980).

3.         Kennedy H. L., Portland Cement-Effects of Catalysts and Dispersions, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Am.  Chem.  Soc.  28:  963—69,   (1936).

4.         Ernsberger, F. M., and France, W. G., Some physical and chemical properties of weight-fractionated ligno-sulphonic acid, including the dissociation of lignosulphonates. Journal of Physics and Colloid Chemistry 52: 267—76, (1948).

5.         Cook, H. K. and Mielenz, R. C, Current practice in the use of water-reducing admixtures in concrete construction in the United States Of America, International Symposium on Admixtures for Mortar and Concrete, Vol. 4 131—58, Brussels (1967).

6.         Ramachandram, V. S. and

Feldman, R. F., Adsorption of calcium

lignosulphonate on tricalcium aluminate

and its hydrates in a non-aqueous

medium, Cement Technology 2(4):

121—29,  (1971).

7.         Chatterji, S., Electron-optical

and X-ray diffraction investigation of

the effects of lignosulphonates on the

hydration of СзА, Indian Concrete

Journal 41:  151—160, (1967).

8.         Collepardi, M., Marcialis, A. and Solinas, V., The influence calcium lignosulphonate on the hydration of cements, // Cemento 70: 3—14, (1973).

9.         Mulvaney, P. K., Agar, H. D., Peniston, Q. P. and McCarthy, J. L., A Chromatographic Study of Sulfite Waste Liquor Sugars, Journal American Chemical Society 73 (3): 1255—57 (1951).

10.       Milestone, N. В., The" effect

of lignosulphonate fractions on the

hydration of tricalcium aluminate,

Cement and Concrete Research, 6:

89—102, (1976).

11.       Foster, D. E., Admixtures

for concrete, Journal of American

Concrete Institute, 60—64; 1481—524, 1963.

12.       Danielsson, S., Studies of the effects of some simple organic admixtures on the properties of cement paste, International Symposium on Admixtures for Mortar and Concrete, Vol. 2, 57—68, Brussels,  (1967).

13.       Mielenz, R. C, Use of surface active agents, Proc. 5th Int. Symp. Cement Chemistry, Tokyo, Vol. 4: 1—29,  (1968).

14.       Diamond, S., Interactions Between Cement Minerals and Hydroxy-carboxylic-Acid Retarders: I, Apparent Adsorption of Salicylic Acid on Cement and Hydrated Cement Compounds, Journal of American Ceramic Society 54: 273—6 (1971).

15.       Anon, Heptonate as Additives for Concrete and Cement, Croda Ltd. Sandberg reports L337 and M13, (1974).

16.       Singh, V. K.., Effect of Sacchara-tes on the Hydration of Cement, Indian Journal Techology 15: 256— 8, (1977).

17.       Singh, V. K., Narang, К. К. and Mandal  U.   K.,  Effect  of Tannic  Acid

 on     Cement,    Indian     Ceramics,     12:/ 289—94,  (1979).

18.       Kelly, T. M., Mielenz, R. C, and Peppier, R. В., U. S. Patent 3 432 317, March 11, 1969, Assigned to Martin-Marietta Corp.

19.       Massazza, F. and Testolin, M., Latest Developments in the Use of Admixtures for Cement and Concrete, // Cemento 77: 73—146,  (1980).

20.       Ramachandran, V. S., Cements Research Progress, Chapter 5, «Admixtures», 1976—1983, American Ceramic Society.

21.       Corfadi, M., Private Communication.

22.       Wallace, G. В., and Ore, E. L., Structural and Lean Mass Concrete as Affected by Water-Reducing, Set-Retarding Agents, ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 266, 38— 94,  (1960).

23.       Young, J. F., Hydration of

tricalcium aluminate with lignosulpho

nate additives, Magazine of Concrete

Research 14:  137—42,  (1962).

24.       Chatterji, S. and Jeffery, J. W., Discussion on hydration of tricalcium aluminate with lignosulphonate additive by Young, Magazine of Concrete Research 16: 231—32, (1964).

25.       Ciach, T. D. and Swenson, E. G., Morphology and Microstructure of Hydrating Portland Cement and Its Constituents I. Changes in Hydration of Tricalcium Aluminate Alone and in the Presence of Triethanolamine or Calcium Lignosulphonate, Cement and Concrete Research  1:   143—58,   (1971).

26.       Ramachandran, V. S., and

Feldman, F. R., Effect of calcium

lignosulphonate on tricalcium aluminate

and its hydration products, Materiaux

et Constructions, 5: 67—76, (1972).

Dunod Editeur, Paris.

27.       Ramachandran, V. S., Elucida

tion of the role of chemical admixtures

in hydrating cements by DTA technique,

7'hermochimica Acta 3: 343—66, (1972).

28.       Ramachandran, V. S., Effect of sugar-free lignosulphonates on cement hydration, Zement-K.a\k-Gips 31: 206— 10, (1978).

29.       Collepardi, M., Corradi, M., Baldini,  G.  and   Pauri,  M.,   Hydration of СзА in the presence of lignosulpho-nate-carbonate system or sulfonated naphthalene polymer, VII Int. Symposium on Cement Chemistry, Vol. IV, 524—28, (1980).

30.       Massazza, F. and Costa, U., Effect of superplasticizers on the СзА hydration, VII Int. Symposium on Cement Chemistry, Vol. IV, 529—34, (1980).

31.       Ramachandran, V. S., Elucidation of the role of calcium lignosulphonate in the hydration of C3A, VII Int. Symposium on Cement Chemistry, Vol. IV, 535—40,  (1980).

32.       Pauri, M., Baldini, G. and Collepardi, M., Combined effect of lignosulfonate and carbonate on pure Portland clinker compounds hydration. II Tricalcium aluminate hydration. Cement and Concrete Research, 271 — 77, (1982).

33.       Pauri, M., Ferrari, G., and Collepardi, M., Combined effect of lignosulfonate and carbonate on pure portland clinker compounds hydration. IV Hydration of tricalcium aluminate-sodium oxide solid solution, Cement and Concrete Research (Under Publication).

34.       Collepardi, M. and Pauri, M., Influence of lignosulfonate-carbonate system and naphthalinsulphonate on the hydration of C3A and C3A-Na20 solid solution, International Seminar on Calcium Aluminates Turin, Italy, (1982).

35.       Lorprayoon, V. and Rossington, D. R., Early Hydration of Cement Constituents with Organic Admixtures, Cement and Concrete Research 11: 267—77, (1981).

36.       Соловьева Е. С. Структуро-образование в суспензиях трехкальцие-вого алюмината в присутствии больших количеств сульфитно-спиртовой барды//Коллоидный журнал. —1971.— № 33.— С. 440—444.

37.       Mouton, Y., The Influence of Sugar Present in Lignosulphonates on the Setting of Mortars and Concrete, Bull. Liaison Lab. Ponts Chauxx. 58:  117—34 (1958).

38.       Ramachandran, V. S., Feldman,

R. F. and Beaudoin, J. J., Concrete

Science, Treatise on Current Research

London:   Heyden   &  Son  Ltd.,   (1981).

39.       Jawed,  I.,  Klemm, W. A.  and Skalny, J., Hydration of Cement-Lignosulphonate-Alkali Carbonate System, Journal of American Ceramic Society, 62: 461—64,  (1979),

40.       Hansen, W. C, Astions of Calcium Sulfate and Admixtures in Portland Cement Paste, ASTM Technical Publication 266, 3—25 (1960).

41.       Massazza, F., Costa, U. and Barrila, A., Interaction Between Superplasticizers and Calcium Aluminate Hydrates, Journal of the American Ceramic  Socie!^_65:   203^7,   (1982).

42.       Сегалова Е.^ГСоловьева Е. С.,

Ребиндер П. А. Структурообразование

при кристаллизации из суспензий

трехкальциевого алюмината//ДАН

СССР.—1957.   Т.    113.—С.    134—137.

43.       Ребиндер П. А., Сегалова Е. Е.

Структурообразование при твердении

вяжущих веществ//Труды второго

Международного конгресса по поверх

ностно-активным веществам.—Лондон.

1967.—С. 492—505.

44.       Kawada, N. and Nishiyama, М., Actions of calcium lignosulphonate upon portland cement clinker compounds, Review \4th General Meeting, Japan Cement Engineering Association, 25—26, Tokyo, (1960).

45.       Blank, В., Rossington, D. R. and Weinland L. A., Adsorption of admixtures on portland cement, Journal of American Ceramic Society, 52:44—46, (1963).

46.       Rossington, D. R. and Runk, E. J., Adsorption of Admixtures on Portland Cement Hydration Products, Journal of American Ceramic Society, 51: 46—50, (1968).

47.       Шехтер А. В., Серб-Серби-на Н. Н., Ребиндер П. А. Электронно-микроскопическое исследование влияния поверхностно-активных веществ на гидратационное твердение минералов цементного клинкера//ДАН СССР.— 1953.—Т. 89.—С. 129—132.

48.       Адамович А. Н. Электронно-микроскопическое исследование влияния поверхностно-активных веществ на формирование кристаллогидратов при гидратации минералов цементного клинкера//ДАН СССР.—1955.—Т. 103. —С. 853—856.

49.       Crepaz, E. and Semenza, E. С, The   action   of   plasticizing   and    airentraining admixtures on cement hydration, Sixieme Congres des Grands Barrages, 3: 815—19, New York (1958).

50.       Seligmann, P. and Greening, N. R., Studies of Early Hydration Reactions of Portland Cement by X-Ray Diffraction, Highway Research Record, Highway Research Board No. 62. 80—105,  (1964).

51.       Fierens, P., Verhaegen A. and Verhagen, J. P., Study of tricalcium aluminate hydration by thermolumines-cence, Cement and Concrete Research, 3: 381—87, (1974).

52.       Gupta, P., Chatterji, S. and Jeffery, J. W., Studies of the effect of various additives on the hydration reaction of tricalcium aluminate: Part IV, Cement Technology, 4: 63—69, (1973).

53.       Prior, M. E. and Adams, А. В., Introduction to producer's papers on water-reducing admixtures and set-retarding admixtures for concrete, ASTM Special Technical Publication, No. 226, 170—179,  (1960).

54.       Vivian, H. E., Some chemical additions and admixtures in cement paste and concrete, Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on the Chemistry of Cements, Washington, D. C, Vol. II 909—23, (1960).

55.       Young, J. F., A Review of the Mechanism of Set Petardation in Portland Cement Pastes Containing Organic Admixtures, Cement and Concrete Research, 2: 415—33,   (1972).

56.       Young, J. F., Reaction Mechanism of Organic Admixtures with Hydrating Cement Compounds, Transportation Research Record, No. 564, 1—9, (1976).

57.       Young, J. E., Effect of Organic Compounds on the Interconversions of Calcium Aluminate Hydrate. Hydration of Tricalcium Aluminate; Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 53: 65—69,  (1970).

58.       Milestone, N. В., The effect

of glucose and some glucose oxidation

products on the hydration of tricalcium

aluminate, Cement and Concrete Re

search, 7: 45—52, (1977).

59.       Dosch, W., The Intracrystalline Sorption of Water and Organic Substances in Tetracalcium_Aluminate Hydrate, i Neues Jahrbuch Fur Mineralogie,  106: 200—39,  (1967).

60.       Steinour, H. M., Discussion of „Actions of calcium sulfate on the hydration and the microstructure of hardened mortar of C3S", by W. C. Hansen, ASTM Technical Publication 266, 25—37 (1960).

61.       Taplin, J. H., Discussion of „Some chemical additions and admixtures in cement paste and concrete" by H. E. Vivian, Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on the Chemistry of Cements, Washington, D. C, Vol. 2, 924—25,  (1962).

62.       Bruere, G. M., Set-retarding effects of sugars in portland cement pastes,   Nature,   212:   502—3,    (1966).

63.       Daugherty, K.. E., and K.o-walesky, M. J. Jr., Effect of Organic Compounds on the Hydration Reactions of Tricalcium Aluminate, Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Chemistry of Cements, Tokyo Vol. 4. 42—52, (1968).

64.       Suzuki, S. and Nishi, S., Effect of Saccharides and Other Organic Compounds on Hydration of Portland Cement, Semento Gijutsu Nempo 13:  160—70, (1959).

65.       Sersale, R., Sabatelli, V. and Valenti, G. L., Influence of some retar-ders on the hydration, at early ages, of tricalcium aluminate, VII Int. Symposium on Cement Chemistry, Paris Vol. 4, 546—51   (1980).

66.       Young, J. F., The Influence of Sugars on the Hydration of Tricalcium Aluminate, Proceeding of the 5th International Symposium on the Chemistry of Cements, Tokyo, Vol. 2, 256—67,  (1968).

67.       Kalousek, G. L., Trumper, С. Н. and Tregoning, J. J., Composition and Physical Properties of Aqueous Extracts from Portland Cement Clinker Pastes Containing Added Materials, Journal of Research, National Bureau of Standard, 30: 215—25, (1943).

68.       Diamond, S., Interactions Between Cement Minerals and Hydroxycar-boxylic Acid Retarders. 3. Infrared Spectral Identification of the Alumi-nosalicylate Complex, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 55: 405— 8, (1972).

 69.      Casu, В., Chiruzzi, M., Tegiacchi,

F. and Zoppetti, G., Interaction of

aluminates with carbohydrates and

aldonates, VII Int. Symposium on

Cement Chemistry, Vol. IV, 558—63,

(1980)  Paris.

70.       Rendleman, J. A. and Hodge,

J. E., Complexes of Carbohydrates

with aluminate ion. Chromatography

of carbohydrates on Columns of

anionexchange resin, Carbohydrate

Research, 44: 155—67,  (1975).

71.       Regourd, M„ Mortureux, B.

and Hormain, H., Hydration of C3A

with saccharose, gypsum and СаСЬ,

VII Int. Symposium on Cement Che

mistry, Vol.  4, 552—57,   (1980)   Paris.

72.       Monosi, S., Pauri, M. and

Collepardi,    M.,   Unpublished    results.

73.       Moore, A. and Taylor, H. F. W.,

Crystal Structure of Ettringite, Nature,

218: 1048—9, (1968).

74.       Bruere, G. M., Importance of

Mixing Sequence when Using Set-

Retarding Agents with Portland Cement,

Nature, 199: 32—33,  (1963).

75.       R. Turriziani, The Calcium

Aluminate Hydrates and Related

Compounds, The Chemistry of Cements,

Editor H. F. W. Taylor, Academic

Press, London, (1964).

76.       Collepardi, M., Monosi, S., and

Moriconi, G., Combined effect of

Lignosulphonate and carbonate on

pure portland clinker compounds

hydration. I. Tetracalcium aluminoferrite

hydration, Cement and Concrete Re

search, 10: 455—62, (1980).

77.       Monosi, S., Moriconi, G. and

Collepardi, M., Combined Effect of

lignosulphonate and carbonate on pure

portland clinker compounds hydration.

III. Hydration of tricalcium silicate alone

and in the presence of tricalcium

aluminate, Cement Concrete Research,

12: 415—24, (1982).

78. Kondo, R. and Daimon, M., Early Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate: A Solid Reaction with Induction and Accelerating Periods, Journal of American Ceramic Society, 52: 503—8, (1969).

79. Milestone, N. В., Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate in the Presence of lignosulphonates, Glucose, and Sodium Gluconate. Journal of American Ceramic Society,  62:   321 — 24,   (1979).

80. JYoung, J. F., Influence of TricaTcTum Aluminate on the Hydration of Calcium Silicates, Journal of American Ceramic Society, 52: 44—46, (1969).

81.       Ramachandran, V. S., Interac

tion of calcium lignosulphonate with

tricalcium silicate, hydrated tricalcium

silicate and calcium hydroxide, Cement

and Concrete Research, 2: 179—94,

(1972).

82.       Ciach, T. D. and Swenson,

E. G., Morphology and microstructure

of hydrating portland cement and its

constituents. II. Changes in hydration

of calcium silicates alone and in the

presence of triethanolamine and calcium

lignosulphonate, both with and without

gypsum, Cement and Concrete Research,

1: 159—76 (1971).

83.       Schubert, J. and Lindenbaum,

A., Stability of Alkaline Earth-Organic

Acid Complexes Measured by Ion

Exchange, Journal of American

Chemical Society, 74: 3529—32, (1952).

84.       McGavin, D. G., Natusch, D. F. S. and Young, J. F., Complexes of sugars with metalions, Proceedings of the Xllth International Conference on Coordination Chemistry, Sydney, 134—5, Science Press, Marrickville, New   South  Wales,   Australia,   (1969).

85.       Stein, H. N.. de Jong, J. G., M. and Stevels, J. M. Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate, Journal of Applied Chemistry, 17: 246—50, (1967).

86.       Berger, R. L., and McGregor, J. D., Influence of Admixtures on the Morphology of Calcium Hydroxide Formed during Tricalcium Silicate Hydration, Cement and Concrete Research, 2: 43—55, (1972).

87.       Tadros, M. E., Skalny, J. and Kalyoncu, R. S. Early Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate, Journal of American Ceramic Society,  59:  344—47,   (1976).

88.       Collepardi, M. and Massidda, L., Paste Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate in the Presence of Organic Solvents, Annali di Chimica 2: 149— 59 (1971).

89.       Collepardi, M. and Massidda, L, Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate in Aqueous Suspensions, Annali di Chimica, 2: 160—68 (1971).

90.       Collepardi, M. and Massidda, L., Ball-Mill     Hydration     of     Tricalcium Silicate,  Annali   di   Chimica,   2:   169—78,  (1971).

91.       Collepardi, M. and Massidda, L.,

Hydration of Tricalcium Silicate,

Journal of American Ceramic Society,

54: 419—22,  (1971).

92.       Collepardi, M., Monosi, S.,

Moriconi, G. and Pauri, M., Unpub

lished results.

93.       Khalil, S. M. and Ward, M. A., Influence of S03 and C3A on the Early Reaction Rates of Portland Cement in the Presence of Lignosul-phonate, Ceramic Bulletin, 57: 1116— 22,  (1978).

94.       Khalil, S. M., and Ward, M. A., Influence of a Lignin Based Admixture on the Hydration of Portland Cements, Cement and Concrete Research, 3: 677—88,  (1973).

95.       Green, К- Т., A Setting Problem Involving White Cement and Admixture, Transportation Research Record, No. 564, 21 — 26,  (1976).

96.       Tuthill, L. H., Adams, R. F. and Hemme, J. N. Jr., Observations in Testing and Use of Water-reducing Retarders, ASTM Special Technical Publication  No.  266,   97—117,   (1960).

97.       Kalousek, G. L., Hydration Processes at the Early Stages of Cement Hardening, Principal Paper of the VI International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Moscow, (1974).

98.       Polivka, M. and Klein, A., Effect of water-reducing and retarding admixtures as influenced by portland cement composition, ASTM Special Technical Publication No. 266, 124— 39, (1960).

99.       Tuthill, L. N.. Adams, F. F., Bailey, S. N. and Smith, R. W. A case of abnormally slow hardening concrete for tunnel lining, Proceedings of American Concrete Institute, 57: 1091 — 99 (1961).

100.     Bauset, R. J., Abnormally delayed setting of a low-heat portland cement with calcium lignosulphonate admixtures, Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on the Chemistry, of Cements, Tokyo 1968, Vol. 4, 53—57, Cement Association of Japan.

101.     Palmer,    К-    Е.,    Discussion of „A case of Abnormally slow Hardening Concrete", Proceedings of American Concrete Institute, 58: 1828— 31,  (1961).

102.     Bogue, R. N. and Lerch, W.,

Hydration of portland cement com

pounds, Industrial and Engineering

Chemistry, 26: 837—67, (1934).

103.     Crepaz, E. and Raccanelli, A., Contribution to knowledge of the action of calcium lignosulphonate on hydration of cements, L'Industria Italiana del Cemento, 61: 819—26, (1964).

104.     Roberts, M. H., Effect of admixtures on the composition of the liquid phase and the early hydration reactions in portland cement Pastes, International Symposium on Admixture for Mortar and Concrete, Vol. 2, 5—30, Brussels, (1967).

105.     Ramachandran, V. S., Effect of Retarders/Water Reducers on Slump Loss in Superplasticized Concrete, Development in the Use of Super-plasticizers, American Concrete Institute Special Publication No. 68. 393—407, (1981).

106.     Ciach, T. D. and Swenson, E. G., Morphology and microstructure of hydrating portland cement and its constituents, Cement and Concrete Recearch I: 515—29, (1971).

107.     Khalil, S. M. and Ward, M. A.,

Microstructure of cement hydrates con

taining calcium lignosulphonate

admixture, Materiaux et Constructions,

56: 67—72,  (1977).

108.     Brunauer, S., Skalny, J., Odler, I. and Yudenfreund, M., Hardened Portland Cement Pastes of Low Porosity. VII, Cement and Concrete Research, 3: 279—93,  (1973).

109.     Наппа, К- М., Application of Experience with Low Porosity Cement Paste and Mortar, Zement-Kalk-Gips, 30:  140—32, (1977).

110.     Hanna, К- М., and Taha, A., Rheological Properties of Low Porosity Cement Pastes, Zement-Kalk-Gips, 30: 293—95,  (1977).

111.     Diamond, S. and Gomez-Toledo, C, Consistency, Setting and Strength Gain Characteristics of a „Low Porosity"   Portland  Cement  Paste,  Cement   Concrete   Research  

112.     Odler, I., Duckstein, U. anU Becker, Т., On the combined effect of water solubles lignosulphonates and carbonates on portland cement and clinker pastes. I. Physical properties, Cement Concrete Research, 8:469—80, (1978).

113.     Odler, 1., Schonfeld, R, and Dorr, H., On the combined effect of water solubles lignosulphonates and carbonates on portland cement and clinker pastes. II. Mode of action and structure of the hydration products, Cement Concrete Research, 8, 525—38, (1978).

114.     Skalny, J. and Odler, I., Use of Admixtures in Production of Low-Porosity Pastes and Concretes, Transportation Research Record, 564, 27—38, (1976).

115.     Collepardi, M., Baldini, G., Pauri, M. and Corradi, M., Tricalcium aluminate hydration in the presence of lime, gypsum or sodium sulfate, Ce: ment and Concrete Research, 8, 571 — 80, (1978).

116.     Locher, F. W., Richartz, W. and Sprung, S., Setting of Cement, Part 1: Reaction and Development of Structure, Zement-Kalk-Gips, 29: 435—42, (1976).

117.     Meyer, L. M. and Perenchio, W. F., Theory of Concrete slump loss as related to the use of Chemical admixtures, Concrete International, 1:36—43, (1979).

118.     Lieber, W. and Richartz, W., Effect of Triethanolamine, Sugar and Boric Acid on the Setting and Hardening of Cement, Zement-Kalk-Gips, 25:403 — 9,  (1972).

119.     Singh, N. В., Influence of

calcium gluconate with calcium chloride

or glucose on the hydration of cements,

Cement and Concrete Research 5:545—

50,  (1975).

120.     Collepardi, M. and Massidda,

L., The Influence of Water-Reducing

Admixtures on the Cement Paste and

Concrete Properties, Proceedings of the

Conference «Hydraulic cement pastes:

Their structure and properties» 256—67, Sheffield, (1976).

121.     Steinour,   H.   H.,   Discussion of „Oil Well Cements» by W. С Hansen, Proceedings 3rd International Symposium on the Chemistry of Cements, London, 628—32, (1952).

122.     Lieber, W., The Influence of

Lead and Zinc Compounds on the

Hydration of Portland Cements,

Proceedings 5th International Sympo

sium on the Chemistry of Cements,

Tokyo, Vol. 2, 444—53, (1968).

123.     Tashiro, C, Takahasi, M., Kanaya, M., Hirakida, I. and Yoshida, R., Hardening properties of cement mortar adding heavy metal compounds and solubility of heavy metals from hardened mortar, Cement and Concrete Research, 7: 283—90, (1977).

124.     Tashiro, C, The effects of several heavy metal oxides on the hydration and the microstructure of hardened mortar of C3S, Proceedings 7th International Symposium on the Chemistry of Cements, Paris, Vol. 2, 11-37—46, (1980).

125.     Arliguie, G., Ollivier, J. P. and Grandet, J., Study of the retarding effect of zinc on the portland cement paste hydration, Cement and Concrete Research, 12: 79—86, (1982).

126.     Lieber, W., Effect of inorganic

admixtures on the setting and hardening

of portland cement, Zement-Kalk-Gips,

26; 75—79, (1973).

127.     Edwards, G. C, Angstadt,

R. L., The effect of soluble inorganic

admixture on the early hydration of

portland cement, Journal of Applied

Chemistry, 16: 166—8, (1966).

128.     Thomas, N. L., Jameson, D. A. and Double, D. D., The effect of lead nitrate on the early hydration of portland cement, Cement and Concrete Research, 11: 143—53, (1981).

129.     Alford,   N.   McN.,   Rahman, A.   A.   and   Salih,   N..   The   effect   of lead nitrate on the physical  properties of cement pastes, Cement and Concrete Research, 11, 235—45, (1981).

130.     Vollick, С A., Effect of Water-Reducing Admixtures and Set-Retarding Admixtures on the Properties of Plastic Concrete, ASTM Srecial Technical Publication No. 266, 180—200, (1960).

131.     Banfil, P. F. G., A discussion of   the   papers   „Rheological   properties of cement mixes", by M. Daimon and D. M. Roy, Cement and Concrete Recearch, 9: 795—96, (1979).

132.     Scripture, E. W., Cement

dispersion and concrete quality,

Engineering News-Record, 127: 81 —

84, (1941).

133.     Maniscalco, V. and Collepardi,

M., Unpublished results.

134.     Cordon A., Discussion on

„Field experience using water-reducers

in ready-mixed concrete" by E. L.

Howard, K. K. Griffiths and W. E.

Moulton, ASTM Special Technical

Publication No. 266,   180—200   (1960).

135.     Howard, E. L, Griffiths, К. К. and Moulton, W. E., Field experience using waterreducers in ready-mixed concrete, ASTM Special Technical Pub— lication No. 266, 140—47, (1960).

136.     Nishi, Т., On recent studies (in Japan) concerning use of admixtures in concretes and mortars (Part I) — Effects of surface active agents upon fresh concretes and mortars, International Symposium on Admixtures for Mortar and Concrete, Vol. 3, 41—62, Brussels, (1967).

137.     Delia Libera, G., Durability of concrete and its improvement through water reducing admixtures, International Symposium on Admixtures for Mortar and Concrete, Vol. 5, 139—76, Brussels, (1967).

138.     Tuthill, L. H., Slump loss, Concrete International, 1:30—35, (1979).

139.     Hersey, А. Т., Slump Loss Cau

sed by Admixtures, American Concrete

Institute Journal, 72:  526—27,   (1975).

140.     Erlin, B. and Hime, W. G., Concrete slump loss and field examples of placement problems, Concrete International, 1:48—51,  (1979).

141.     Call, В. М., Slump loss with type „K" shrinkage compensating cement concretes and admixtures, Concrete International, 1:44—47, (1979).

142.     Bruere, G. M., Effects of Mixing Sequence on Mortar Consistencies when Using Water-Reducing Agents, Special Report No. 90, Highway (Transportation) Research Board, 26 35, (1966).

143.     Ravina,   D.,   Retempering   of Prolonged-Mixed Concrete with Admixtures in Hot Weather, American Concrete Institute Journal, 72:291—95, (1975).

144.     Previte, R. W., Concrete

Slump Loss, American Concrete

Institute Journal, 74:  361—67,   (1977).

145.     Goetz, H. W., False set of cement as influenced by hydroxylated carboxylic-acidtype admixture, ASTM, Material Research and Standards, 7:246—49, (1967).

146.     Ryell, J., An unusual case of surface deterioration on a concrete bridge deck, Proceedings, American Concrete Institute,  62:421 — 40   (1965).

147.     Kreijger, P. C, Effect of surface active agents on the bleeding properties and on the heat of hydration of cement pastes and mortar, International Symposium on Admixtures for Mortar and Concrete, Vol. 3, 25—31, Brussels (1967).

148.     Wheeler, J. and Chatterji, S., The hindered setting of cement particles in freshly prepared Portland cement pastes: effect of surface-active agents on the setting behaviour-3, Indian Concrete Journal, 47: 227—29, (1973%

149.     Tuthill, L. N. and Cordon, W. A., Properties and Uses of Initially Retarded Concrete, Journal of American Concrete Institute, Proceedings, 52: 273—86,  (1955).

150.     Daugherty, K. E. and Ko-waleski, M. J., Jr., Use of admixtures in concrete placed at high temperatures, Transportation Research Road, 564—10—20,  (1976).

151.     Anthony, H. C, A Field Investigation of Water-Reducing, Set Retarding Admixtures in Concrete Pavement and Bridge Superstructures, Highway Research Board, Billetin 310, 56—64,  (1962).

152.     Grieb, W. E., Werner, G. and

Woolf, D. O., Tests of Retarding

Admixtures for Concrete, Highway

Research Board, Bulletin 310: 1—31, (1962).

153.     Forbrich, L. R., The effect

of various reagents on the heat

liberation characteristics of portland

cement, Proceedings, American Concrete

Institute, 37: 161—84,  (1940).

154.     Edmeades, R. M. and Hewlett,

P. C, Developments in plasticizing

concrete, Proceedings of I International

Congress on Polymer Concretes, London,

420—32,  (1975).

155.     Stupachenko, P. P., The influence of admixtures SSB, GKZh and Са(ЫОз)2 on structural porosity of a mortar portion of concrete, International Symposium on Admixtures for Mortar and Concrete, Vol. 5, 95— 107, Brussels (1967).

156.     Mac Pherson, D. R. and Fischer, H. C, The effect of water-reducing admixtures and set retarding admixtures on the properties of hardened concrete, ASTM Special Technical Publication  No.  266,  201 — 17,   (1960).

157.     Bruere, G. M. and Newbegin, J. D., Some aspects of the drying shrinkage of concrete containing chemical admixtures, International Symposium on Admixtures for Mortar and Concrete, Vol. 5, Topic IV/5, 61 — 69, Brussels, (1967).

158.     Khalil, S. M. and Ward, M. A.,-Effect of degree of hydration upon creep of mortars containing calcium lignosulphonate, Magazine of Concrete Research, 29: 19—25, (1977).

159.     Hope, В. В., Neville, A. M. and Guruswami, A., Influence of admixtures on creep of concrete containing normal weight aggregate, International Symposium on Admixtures for Mortar and Concrete, Vol. 5, 17—32, Brussels,  (1967).

160.     Morgan, D. R. and Welch, G. В., Influence of admixtures on creep of concrete, Third Australian Conference on the Mechanics of Structure and Materials, Auckland, New Zealand,  (1971).

161.     Jessop, E. L., Ward, M. A. and Neville, A. M., Possible Mechanism of Influence of Admixtures on Creep Cement Paste, Proc. 5th Inty. Symp. Cement Chemistry, Tokyo, Vol. 4, 36— 41,  (1968).

162.     Jessop, E. L., Ward, M. A.

and Neville, A. M. Influence of

water-reducing and setretarding admix

tures on creep of lightweight aggre

gate concrete, International Symposium

on Admixtures for Mortar and Concrete,

Brussels, Vol. 5, 33—46, (1967).

163.     Mielenz, R. C, Water-reducing admixtures and set-retarding admixtures for concretes: uses, specifications, research objectives, ASTM Special Technical Publication NO. 266, 218—39, (1960).

164.     Witte, L. P. and Backstrom, J. E., Some Properties Affecting the Abrasion Resistance of Air-Entrained Concrete, Proceedings ASTM, 51:1141 (1951).

165.     Bloem, D. L., Tests of Concrete Admixtures, Joint Research Laboratory Publication No. 2, NSGA and N.R.M.C.A., 1—9,  (1955).

166.     ACI Committee 201, Guide to Durable Concrete, Journal of the American Concrete Institute, 74: 573— 609.

167.     Chatterji, S. and Damgaard Jensen, A., Studies of the mechanism of calcium chloride attack on Portland cement concrete, Sartryck ur Nordisk Betong, 5: 1—2,  (1975),

168.     Collepardi, M., Marcialis, A. and. Turriziani, R., The penetration kinetics of chloride ions into concrete, // Cemento, 67: 157—64 (1970).

169.     Collepardi, M., Marcialis, A. and Turriziani, R., Penetration of Chloride Ions into Cement Pastes and Concretes, Journal of The American Ceramic Society, 55: 534—35, 1972.

170.     ACI Committee 212, Admixtures for Concrete, Concrete International, 3: 24—52, (1981).

171.     ACI Committee 212, Guide for Use of Admixtures in Concrete, Concrete International, 3: 53—65, (1981).

172.     Canadian Standards Association, Guidelines for the Use of Admixtures in Concrete, Standard of Canada, Supersedes A266.4 (1976).

173.     Halstead, W. L. and Chaiken, В., Water-Reducing Retarders for Concrete-Chemical and Spectral Analyses, Highway Research Board, Bulletin 310: 33—55,  (1962).

174.     Saiki, Y., Infrared Absorption Spectral Analysis of Organic Admixtures for Cement, Mortar, and Concrete, Journal of Research Onoda Cement Company, 17: 130—36, (1965).

175.     Mouton, Y., Identification and Control of Admixtures by Spectroscopy-Infrared  and  Ultraviolet, International Symposium on Admixtures for Mortars and Concrete, Vol. 6.213—30, Brussels, (1967).

176.     Kreijger, P. C, Identification Methods for Supface Active Agents, International Symposium on Admixtures for Mortars and Concrete, Vol. 6, 231 — 40, Brussels,  (1967).

177.     Simatupang, M. H., The Characterization of Admixtures for Cement by Gel Chromatography, Zement-Kalk-Gips, 28: 427—31, (1975).

178.     Diem, P. and Krehl, K.,

Identifying and Classifying Concrete

Additives by Infrared Analysis and

Other Physical and Chemical

Investigation Methods, Betenstein

Zeitung, 41: 299—302 (I Part); 341 —

45 (II Part),  (1975).

179.     De Barry, W. J., The Determi

nation of Alkyl-Benzene Sulfonate Type

Admixtures for Concrete, Materials and

Research Division Technical Paper

78-1 State of Maine, Dept. of Trans.

1978.

180.     Hime, W. G., Mivelaz,

W. F. and Connoly, J. D., Use of

Infrared Spectrophometry for the

Detection and Identification of Organic

Additions in Cement and Admixtures

in     Hardened     Concrete,     Analytical

Techniques for Hydraulic Cements and Concrete, ASTM STP 395, 18, (1965).

181.     Connoly, J. D., Hime, W. G. and Erlin, В., Analysis for Admixtures in Hardened Concrete, Proceedings of the International Congress on Admixtures, Concrete International 1980, 114— 29, London, (1980).

182.     Hime, W. G., Multitechnique Approach Solves Construction Materials Failure Problems, Analytical Chemistry, 46:  1230-32A,  (1974).

183.     Erlin, В., Methods Used in Petrographic Studies of Concrete, Analytical Techniques for Hydraulic Cements and Concrete, ASTM STP 395, 3, (1985).

184.     Figg, J. E. and Bowden, S. R., The Analysis of Concretes, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London, (1971).

185.     Connoly, J. D. and Hime, W. G., Analysis of Cement Pastes for Triethanolamine, Cement and Concrete Research, 6: 741 — 46,  (1976).

186.     Swenson, E. G., and Thorval-

dson, Т., Detection of lignosulphonate

retarder in cement suspensions and

pastes, ASTM Special Technical

Publication NO. 266,   159—69,   (1960).